Small Italian

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The last period of the Roman Republic was a violent and destructive periods in most of the time old. One reason for this situation to a conflict between two factions, the political party that arose during the period - optimates and popular. Supporters of these factions often clashed with each other in the streets and in political meetings, which led to a growing sense of lawlessness in the city.

To understand how it happened that we have to go far in the past of Rome. When the city became a republic in 509 BC, a small group aristocratic families called 'patricians' dominated government. The people of Rome, called the "people", there were few political rights. The patricians were selfish and took the population to become rich. As expected, the people were not satisfied with this situation, if the 200 early years of the history of the Republic was dominated by a struggle between these two groups.

On several occasions during the first Republic, the crowd became so fed up and left the bags in the city. They literally went on strike. This was bad news for the patricians, because they need the masses to protect the city. In an attempt to return them, always patrician offered political concessions. Thus, the people gradually received rights more and more until, in 287 a. C., their situation was almost equal with the patricians.

The two concessions The most important population received between 509-287 BC, were the Assembly "tribal" and "forums". The meeting Tribal has been a vote of the Council that the plebs could use to make their own laws. Initially, these laws are binding only for its people, but by 287 BC apply to everyone. Tribunes were elected by common men who could propose new laws to the Assembly. They also received a veto that could used to halt new legislation that did not happen.

This system worked well for over a hundred years, but began to crumble during the second century BC. It was a wealthy Roman aristocrats were systematically buy small Italian farms. Farmers who had bought a tendency to travel to Rome, where he became part of the crowd "urban" - the masses of unemployed.

popular faction was born of a group of politicians who wanted to help these poor people. The problem is that aid is delivered directly against interests of wealthy senators. Naturally, these wealthy men strongly resisted, and made his own faction - the optimates (which means "the best of men") to oppose popular.

During the next hundred years the people use, the tribal assembly to adopt laws to help the urban crowd, while optimates that tried to restrict the power of tribal assemblies and tribunes, preferring to preserve the Roman senate.

Notable members People's faction were Tiberius Gracchus Marius and Julius Caesar. Optimates famous Sulla, Cato and Pompey (Pompey's side while the very Popular in the middle of his career).

The arguments between the two groups have often grown up with violence, and there were frequent riots in the city. Over the years there has been a complete breakdown of order which finally led to a series of civil wars. The final winner of these wars has been Octavio - the son adoptive Julio Cesar. He was able to take advantage of the situation which has been proclaimed "Augustus" - the first Roman emperor. This was the time optimates the popular and factions to end.